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AlternatingRuns on Permutation ​

The interior peaks plus the interior valleys.

On Permutation

FindStat's title: the times the word switches from increasing to decreasing or back.

Called as CombinatorialStat(x, "AlternatingRuns"). The head's page has its examples.

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Distribution

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FindStat St000483

The number of times a permutation switches from increasing to decreasing or decreasing to increasing.

ObjectValue
[]0
[1]0
[1,2]0
[2,1]0
[1,2,3]0
[1,3,2]1
[2,1,3]1
[2,3,1]1

Data from FindStat, the combinatorial statistic finder; the page at findstat.org/St000483 has the rest.